Australia Population

With roughly 27.1 million people as of 2026, Australia ranks 55th in the world by population. A country of Australia/New Zealand, its trajectory to 2100 is governed by how births, deaths and migration play out. It packs in roughly 4 people per square kilometre.

Growth continues for Australia until around 2100, the year its population is set to crest at about 43.0 million. From there a slow fall takes it to roughly 43.0 million by century's end.

With fertility near 1.64, just under the 2.1 replacement mark, natural increase is fading. Net inward migration adds to the population each year and partly offsets the low birth rate.

The median age is set to climb from about 38 today to roughly 45 by 2100, while life expectancy, near 84 years, keeps rising. A rising median age means fewer working-age people supporting each retiree over time.

The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, growth followed by an eventual peak, is robust across the main variants.