Taiwan Population

Taiwan is the world's 61st most populous country, home to about 23.1 million people in 2026. Set in Eastern Asia, its demographic path this century turns on the balance of births, deaths and migration. It packs in roughly 650 people per square kilometre.

Having topped out near 23.7 million around 2020, Taiwan has entered the long, slow decline now spreading across much of the world. Its population is projected to fall to roughly 19.5 million by 2050 and about 10.1 million by 2100.

At about 0.86 births per woman, Taiwan has one of the world's lowest fertility rates, well under the replacement level of around 2.1.

The median age is set to climb from about 44 today to roughly 57 by 2100, even as life expectancy improves from about 81 years. A rising median age means fewer working-age people supporting each retiree over time.

The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, a population already past its peak, is robust across the main variants.